Options for making a rocket furnace from a profile pipe with your own hands

Types of jet heating devices. Choosing a design for self-production

Craftsmen have developed several designs of rocket stoves suitable for mobile or stationary use:

• portable units made of metal pipes, cans or buckets;
• jet heating devices from a gas cylinder;
• ovens built from fireclay bricks and metal containers;
• heating heat generators with a stove bench.

The most difficult to manufacture are the structures, the construction of which requires the skills of a mason. However, if you have detailed diagrams of serial layouts, even a novice home craftsman can handle this work.

Portable rocket stove

Portable rocket stoves are mass-produced by industry

Hiking options are represented by the simplest designs, which are based on the same pipe bent or welded from individual sections. The improvements affected only the installation of a partition for arranging the ash pit, in which a slot is made for air leakage. Often the lower part of the loading chamber is equipped with a grate to supply air directly to the combustion zone. The opening for storing firewood is equipped with a door, which subsequently regulates the air supply.

Gas cylinder unit

The use of a gas cylinder is the next step in the development of jet heating devices. A more complex design can significantly increase the thermal power and efficiency of the furnace. All that is required to make the installation is a household gas cylinder or fuel barrel, sections of thick-walled steel pipes and a metal sheet 3–5 mm thick.

A rocket stove made from a gas cylinder can be used to heat small utility rooms

How such a design works can be seen in the diagram below. Firewood loaded into the firebox burns due to the flow of air through the loading window. Afterburning of combustible gases occurs in a pipe installed inside the cylinder due to the supply of secondary air. To enhance the effect, the inner chamber is insulated, which makes it possible to raise the temperature inside above 1000 °C. Hot gases hit the bell as they move and enter the outer chamber, the walls of which act as a heat exchanger. Having given up their energy, the combustion products are discharged through a chimney cut into the lower part on the back side of the cylinder.

Combined rocket stove made of brick and metal barrel

The use of fireclay bricks for arranging the firebox and internal chambers of a jet heating device transforms the “rocket” into the category of stationary structures. The high heat capacity of the materials used allows heat to be accumulated and released within several hours, which is why such units are often installed in residential premises.

Furnace structure with refractory lining of the working area

Jet stove with stove bench

Like other solid fuel stoves, the "rocket" has the disadvantage that most of the heat is lost through the chimney. Despite this, certain advantages of its design make it easy to get rid of this disadvantage. The thing is that the unit was called reactive for a reason, but because of the high rate of excision of burning gases. This feature can be turned into a benefit by significantly increasing the length of the smoke exhaust channels.

Scheme of a jet stove with a stove bench

This idea found its implementation in massive stationary structures with a couch in the shape of a sofa or bed. It is successfully made from brick or rubble stone, decorated with a plastic mass of clay and sawdust. Thanks to the high heat capacity of the materials used, the stove can retain heat all night, which, combined with high efficiency, makes the heating unit very attractive for installation in residential premises.

When choosing a design for manufacturing at home, you need to take into account the features of its operation. As a camping option, choose a mobile unit - it will be enough to warm up, dry clothes and cook lunch. In order to occasionally heat small technical rooms, a portable structure made from a gas cylinder is used. If you need to heat a small country house or cottage, then there is simply no better option than a jet heating unit with a stove bench.

Drawings of a jet stove from a gas cylinder and other types

Long-burning stoves are divided into stationary and mobile. Mobile stoves are used on hikes, picnics, and outdoors for heating and cooking food. Stationary ones are used for heating a house, outbuildings, greenhouses, and garages. There are 4 types of structures.

Types of reactive furnaces:

Drawings of a jet stove from a gas cylinder can be downloaded on the Internet or made by hand yourself

The portable structure is equipped with pipe sections. The only difference concerns the installed partition for the ash pan. For the lower part, a grate can be used.

A device made from a gas cylinder is more difficult to build, but significantly increases efficiency. To install the structure, a barrel or gas cylinder is required. Firewood in the firebox burns due to the influx of oxygen by loading it through a special window.

The gases burn out in the pipe, which is located inside the structure, due to the supply of secondary air. The effect is enhanced by insulating the inner chamber. Hot air is placed in the hood, and then into the outer chamber. Combustion products are removed through the chimney.

To create draft, the top of the chimney is placed 4 cm above the loading window.

The combined model made of brick and metal is a stationary structure. Due to its high heat capacity, a wood stove accumulates and releases heat over several hours. That is why residential premises are heated with this design.

The rocket unit with a bench is an improved device that can retain heat longer. Since some of the heat escapes through the chimney, we increased its length. Due to the rapid excision of hot gases and a larger smoke outlet, this problem was solved.

This creates massive stoves with a bench that look like a sofa or bed. These are stationary devices made of brick or stone. Thanks to its unique design, the stove is able to retain heat all night.

Jet heating unit from a propane cylinder

Drawings and instructions for creating a carport from a profile pipe with your own hands
A rocket stove made from a gas cylinder is an easy-to-make wood-burning stove that uses fuel economically and effectively warms up the room.

For its assembly it is used

:

• empty propane cylinder (unit body);
• steel pipe with a diameter of 100 mm (for arranging a chimney and a vertical channel);
• steel profile pipe 150x150 mm (firebox and loading hopper are made);
• sheet steel 3 mm thick.

Making a stove from a gas cylinder requires the use of a welding machine. If you are planning to assemble such a rocket stove with your own hands, the drawings will help you accurately maintain the optimal dimensions of all structural elements.

Scheme of processes in a rocket furnace

At the preliminary stage of work, you should prepare a gas cylinder - turn off the valve, fill the container to the top with water to ensure that gas vapors that can explode from a spark are removed from the container. Then the top part is cut off along the seam. A hole is cut in the lower part of the resulting cylinder for the chimney, and in the bottom for the combustion chamber with an attached firebox. The vertical channel is brought out through a hole in the bottom, and a structure from a profile pipe is welded on the bottom side, according to the rocket drawing.

If you are installing a rocket stove from a gas cylinder yourself, you should pay close attention to the quality of the welds and check their tightness - air should not flow uncontrollably into the working stove. If everything is in order, you can install the chimney.

Such a home stove is regulated in power by the volume of fuel loading. The jet stove is put into operation by supplying air through the combustion chamber; this is regulated by the hopper lid. Next, secondary air is constantly supplied to the unit. This heating stove explodes at the end of the combustion process, since it is impossible to shut off the supply of secondary air, and soot deposits on the inner walls of the vertical channel. The casing cover is made removable so that it can be removed periodically.

Boiler unit

A long-burning boiler can be obtained by installing a water circuit on the chimney of a stove made from a gas cylinder or other materials, but according to the same scheme indicated above. However, heating the water in the circuit of such a unit will be inefficient, since the main part of the thermal energy is transferred to the air in the room and to the containers on the hob.

An effective version of a rocket stove made from a metal barrel

If you want to create a rocket boiler for water heating with high efficiency, you will have to sacrifice the cooking function. A do-it-yourself rocket stove according to the drawing presented below can be installed in a short time.

This will require

:

• fireclay bricks and refractory masonry composition (for installing the base of the stove with a firebox);
• steel pipe with a diameter of 70 mm (for a vertical channel);
• steel barrel (for the casing);
• fireproof heat insulator;
• sheet steel 3 mm thick and a metal barrel (or pipe) of smaller diameter than the casing (for arranging a water jacket and smoke channels for heating the water circuit);
• steel pipe with a diameter of 100 mm for the chimney;
• container, pipes and connecting pipes for arranging a heat accumulator.

A rocket furnace with a water circuit is characterized by the fact that the thermal insulation of the vertical channel provides an optimal combustion mode for pyrolysis gases, while all the heated air enters the “coil” with a water jacket and releases the main part of the thermal energy there, heating the coolant.

Rocket stove with water circuit

The heat accumulator will continue to supply heated coolant to the heating circuit even after the furnace itself has cooled down. The container with water is equipped with a thick layer of insulation.

Manufacturing recommendations

The easiest way is to make a small portable stove with your own hands - the Robinson rocket, whose drawing is presented below. You will need cutting profile pipes, metal for legs and stands, as well as welding skills. Moreover, compliance with the exact dimensions indicated in the drawing is not necessary. You can take pipes of a different section, but you just need to reduce or increase them proportionally so that the parts fit together.

Drawing of an improved “Robinson” camping stove with nozzles made of a profile pipe, cut lengthwise into 2 parts

Note. Please note that the drawing shows a design improved by our expert Vitaly Dashko. As befits a rocket, improvised nozzles are attached to it, which receives secondary air for afterburning, which enters the pipe through a series of holes. Due to this modernization, the combustion intensity increases noticeably. For more information about the operation of a compact wood stove, watch the video:

The most common versions of large rocket stoves are made from a gas cylinder or a two-hundred-liter metal barrel. You must understand that these ready-made elements are used as an outer hood, and the internal parts of the stove must be made from pipes of smaller diameter or laid out from fireclay bricks. Moreover, from a cylinder you can make both a stationary heater with a small bench, and a unit that can be moved.

Please note that calculating the thermal power of a rocket-type furnace is quite difficult; there is no single calculation method. It’s easier to rely on ready-made drawings of already working samples and assemble according to them. You just need to compare the dimensions of the future stove with the dimensions of the heated room. For example, to heat a small room, the size of a cylinder is enough; in other cases, it is better to take a large barrel. The selection of internal parts for them is shown in the diagram:

2 options for potbelly stoves - from a gas cylinder and a standard iron barrel

Stove rocket from a cylinder

In addition to the gas cylinder itself, to assemble the stove you will need:

• profile pipe 150 x 150 mm for the firebox and loading hopper;
• steel pipes with a diameter of 70 and 150 mm will go to the internal vertical channel;
• the same with a diameter of 100 mm for the chimney;
• insulation (basalt fiber with a density of at least 100 kg/m³);
• sheet metal 3 mm thick.

For a master skilled in welding, this work will not be particularly difficult. The top of the cylinder should be cut off along the seam, after first unscrewing the valve and filling it to the top with water. Openings are cut on both sides for installing a firebox and inserting a chimney. A profile pipe is inserted and connected to a vertical channel, which is discharged through the bottom of the cylinder. Further work on the manufacture of the rocket furnace is carried out in accordance with the drawing:

At the end, the upper part must be welded into place, then carefully check all seams for permeability so that air does not flow uncontrollably into the oven. After this, you can attach a chimney with a water jacket (if available) and begin testing.

Important. To create sufficient draft, the top of the pipe must be raised above the level of the firebox to a height of 4 m.

Masonry of a rocket-type heater made of bricks

This stove option will require the purchase of fireclay bricks; ordinary ceramic bricks will not work for a rocket stove. The masonry is done using fireclay clay mortar; it is also sold as a ready-made building mixture. How to make a stationary rocket stove:

1. First you need to dig a hole, compact the bottom and pour a foundation measuring 1200 x 400 mm and 100 mm high, as shown in the photo.

2. After hardening, the foundation is covered with a sheet of basalt cardboard and the combustion chamber, a bunker for loading firewood and a vertical channel are laid. A door is installed at the end of the combustion chamber to clean the ash pan.

3. After the clay has dried, the pit is filled up, and a pre-selected pipe or small barrel with a diameter of 450 mm is placed on the vertical channel. The gap between the brickwork and the pipe walls is filled with fire-resistant insulation, for example, basalt wool, expanded clay, vermiculite.

4. At the last stage, a cap made of a large metal barrel with a diameter of 600 mm is put on the structure. First, a cutout is made in its upper part and a pipe is installed to connect the chimney. When the barrel turns over, he will be at the bottom.

Then it’s a matter of technology; you can take the chimney directly outside or build another bench with smoke circulation. For this purpose, ordinary ceramic bricks and clay-sand mortar will do. The order of the brickwork of a rocket stove with a small bench is shown in detail in the video:

Advantages and disadvantages

Drawings and instructions for making your own rollers for a profile pipe

Long combustion rocket stoves have the following advantages:

• high efficiency - at least 85%;
• high speed of heating the room - 50 m² will become warm in less than 1 hour;
• absence of soot - the exhaust during fuel combustion does not form soot, but is formed in the form of steam and carbon;
• the ability to operate on solid fuel of any type;
• low consumption - the fuel consumption of a rocket stove is 4 - 5 times less than a conventional stove under equal conditions: combustion time and heating temperature;
• the possibility of installing a warm bed;
• the duration of heat retention in a well-heated structure without adding fuel is up to 12 hours.

This stove has many advantages, but there are also disadvantages

Disadvantages include:

• manual method of controlling a heating device - fuel burns out quickly and requires regular reporting;
• the high heating temperature of some structural elements threatens owners with burns in case of accidental contact;
• the heating speed does not allow the use of a rocket stove for baths;
• the aesthetic component of such a device is not for everyone and is not suitable for every interior;
• danger of carbon monoxide entering living rooms.

Types of rocket stoves

In this section we will look at the most common types of rocket stoves used in field and stationary conditions.

Simple metal stoves

The simplest wood-burning jet stove is made from an L-shaped piece of large-diameter metal pipe. The horizontal part is short, it represents the firebox. The combustion chamber is located in the vertical part of the pipe, where wood actively burns. A small metal plate is often welded into the horizontal section, forming a blower. After warming up, the rocket furnace enters operating mode, and a flame bursts out of its vertical section (flame tube).

Such rocket stoves are used for cooking food in camping or outdoor conditions - due to their small area, they produce little heat, and the vast majority of the thermal energy is lost through the fire tube. Kettles, frying pans and pots are placed on this pipe so that the raging flame ensures their heating. To maintain traction, there are stands in the upper part of the pipe, on which the dishes are placed - combustion products can freely come out.

To make a metal rocket furnace made from an L-shaped piece of pipe more efficient, it is equipped with a metal casing made from an old barrel. A blower can be seen at the bottom of the barrel, and a fire tube peeks out from the top. If necessary, the internal volume is filled with insulation, for example, ash - it does not burn and retains heat well.

Metal rocket stoves with vertical fireboxes located at an angle to the flame tube are the most convenient. Often the combustion openings are closed with lids; in this case, air is taken through the ash pan. Sometimes the firebox is made larger in diameter than the flame tube to ensure long-lasting combustion.

Simple brick ovens

A small-sized brick rocket stove is another simplest option for building a rocket stove with your own hands. Its assembly does not require cement mortar; it is enough to stack the bricks on top of each other to get a convenient brick outdoor unit for cooking at your disposal. In the section on self-assembly of rocket stoves, we will invite you to familiarize yourself with the simplest procedure for self-assembly.

A rocket stove, made with your own hands from brick, can be used to heat households. In this case, a simple arrangement is not enough - you will have to build a stationary version using a special cement mortar. There are many procedures for this, you just have to choose the appropriate option. By the way, some versions of such furnaces include a water circuit.

Advantage of brick rocket kilns:

• Simple design;
• Long-term heat retention;
• The ability to create a comfortable warm bed.

Some models are made combined, using both steel and bricks.

Sophisticated rocket stoves

A jet stove for heating households or for a bath is characterized by increased complexity. The main link here is still the riser (fire tube), enclosed in a metal casing. Its upper part can be used for cooking, forming a kind of cooking surface. The firebox is made large to accommodate an increased amount of solid fuel. The starting materials are metal, bricks and clay.

Based on clay coating, streamlined rocket furnaces of irregular shape are made, which is well perceived by human vision.

There are projects for wood-burning rocket stoves that include additional modules. Their construction schemes include small boilers for preparing hot water, hobs, water jackets and even small ovens. Such stoves will help heat households and create comfortable living conditions for people.

A rocket boiler with a water jacket, created on the basis of a wood-burning stove, will help warm up a multi-room building. It is equipped with a water circuit for heating the coolant. Additional convenience is created by samples with beds - these beds are created on the basis of thermal channels between the flame and chimney pipes.

Operating principle of a rocket furnace

DIY greenhouse made of profile pipe and polycarbonate

Although the design of a rocket stove is quite simple, it successfully uses two operating principles borrowed from other types of solid fuel heating devices:

• the principle of afterburning wood gases released during combustion (pyrolysis);
• the principle of free flow of gases through the channels (without encouragement from the natural draft of the chimney).

First, we will analyze the design of direct combustion rocket stoves, intended only for cooking food. Here the firebox is a short horizontal section of pipe, which then turns upward. The design is simple to the point of disgrace, as shown in the figure:

The fuel is placed in the pipe and ignited, resulting in an upward flow of hot gases, tending to rise along the vertical section and exit outside. Here, at the cut of the pipe, a container for food or water is installed. Of course, there is a gap between the pan and the pipe for combustion products to escape. This is achieved through various metal stands.

Since it is impossible to heat rooms with such a unit, the design of the heating rocket stove was supplemented with a heat exchange device and channels for removing flue gases. To maintain a high temperature in the vertical section of the pipe, it is insulated with any fire-resistant material. Further, for intensive heat extraction, the nozzle is covered from above with a cap, for example, an ordinary metal barrel. At the bottom of the horizontal fire pipe there is a separate channel for supplying secondary air.

Now the principle of operation of a rocket furnace looks somewhat different. Firstly, at the end of the horizontal fire channel, afterburning of pyrolysis gases occurs due to the supply of secondary air. Secondly, combustion products that have a high temperature accumulate under the top of the bell (barrel), creating some excess pressure. As heat is transferred outward through the metal walls, these gases cool and flow downward.

Since the cooling gases are supported from below by a new hot flow, they cannot descend in the same way, but pass through the space between the walls of the pipe and the barrel, safely exiting into the chimney channel. The flow of processes is well reflected in the diagram of a rocket furnace:

So, thanks to pyrolysis, the efficiency of wood combustion increases, and the use of free flow of gases creates a self-regulating system that limits the flow of fresh air into the firebox. The air mixture is supplied as the combustion products cool under the hood, making room for its new portion. Excessive pressure of hot gases “pushes” the cooled part out, so the operation of the stove depends little on the presence of draft in the chimney.

Why is a rocket stove better than a potbelly stove?

They suggested that all my problems could be solved by a rocket stove, which, let me tell you right away, I had never heard of before. It turned out that people were right, and now I share my experience with others, perhaps my advice will be useful to someone just as the advice of my friends was once useful to me.

Don’t think that this device has any similarities with rocket and spacecraft, and it doesn’t even run on jet fuel. This design received its name for the strong jet of flame escaping from the upper pipe and the characteristic sound, essentially reminiscent of the roar of a motor.

Good heating of the device body will ensure the combustion of volatile substances in the chimney and make the air in the upper part of the product less dense. The temperature in the chimney will not be high, soot will not accumulate, unlike “bourgeois” stoves, in which the chimney pipe becomes clogged with soot very quickly.

A rocket stove is a device that can replace a fireplace, heating a considerable area of ​​a house, barn, garage, and become an excellent assistant in preparing various dishes.

Operating principle of a rocket furnace - drawing:

Dry firewood of almost any size (not necessarily small) is loaded into a special fuel compartment of the stove, and then it is ignited.

When natural draft increases, the intensity of firewood combustion increases, therefore, there are almost no coals, everything burns to ashes. Efficiency is high.

In order for complete combustion of wood to occur, the design of the rocket stove must necessarily have a special zone for afterburning pyrolysis gases (this is important to take into account if the stove is assembled independently, I have a ready-made purchased version, by the way, I use a rocket stove from - a budget and functional option, and a similar zone in it is provided for).

A rocket furnace may begin to emit a characteristic hum if air and the material itself are irrationally consumed during the combustion of fuel materials. Quiet operation of the stove will be ensured by adjusting the air supply by the door.

We make a stove - a rocket

The easiest way to make a light camp stove, shown in the drawing, is to find the following materials in the household:

• round steel pipe with a diameter of 133-150 mm and a length of 0.5 m;
• profile pipe 14 x 20 cm, length 0.4 m;
• sheet of metal 2-3 mm thick for grates;
• rod Ø8-10 mm for legs;
• scraps of iron for the stand.

A vertical round pipe is welded to the profile at an angle of 45°, then eyes for the legs are attached to the body (they should be easily removed). A grate is placed inside the inclined firebox, and a lid is attached to the outside. To make it easier to clean the ash below, it is advisable to install a second door.

Drawing of an improved version of the portable stove

The design of the furnace can be improved by organizing the supply of secondary air inside the flame tube. Modernization will increase the efficiency and duration of firewood burning. Drill holes on both sides on both sides, covering them with rocket “nozzles” according to the presented drawing. How this stove functions is demonstrated in the video:

From a gas cylinder

The following materials will be used to make a do-it-yourself rocket stove:

• round pipes with transverse dimensions of 70 and 150 mm; with a wall thickness of 4 mm;
• square corrugated pipe 150-200 mm in diameter;
• chimney pipe Ø10-15 cm;
• low-carbon steel (grade St20) sheet;
• dense basalt wool (80-120 kg/m3) or bulk fire-resistant materials, for example, vermiculite or perlite gravel.

To begin, cut the rolled metal into blanks in accordance with the drawing. Then you need to saw off the lid of the propane tank, after unscrewing the valve and filling the tank to the top with water. The tool is an ordinary grinder with a metal circle.

Further assembly technology is as follows:

1. Cut the corrugated pipe lengthwise, 35 mm from the edge. One part will be used to make an ash pan, the second - a blower.
2. Join the firebox and flame tube at an angle of 90°, making appropriate cutouts. Cut an opening on top of the combustion chamber where the loading hopper will be welded.
3. Weld the riser with the firebox, then put on the casing from a 150 mm pipe, making a cutout at the bottom to fit the width of the combustion chamber.
4. Install and scald the bunker for storing firewood. Secure the doors of the firebox and ash pan.
5. Place perlite sand between the walls of the afterburner and the shell.
6. Make a side opening in the cylinder to insert the finished structure. It is better to make the lid removable.
7. Perform final assembly and weld the chimney pipe.

The master will tell you in detail about the manufacture of a rocket stove from a cylinder in the video:

Made of brick

The simplest rocket stove for cooking can be built from bricks without using mortar, as shown in the diagram with the order. Such a structure can be easily disassembled and moved if necessary.

The rocket stove with a stove bench must be placed on a foundation made of concrete or rubble stone. Material – ceramic or refractory brick, sand-clay or fireclay mortar, respectively. The finished base is covered with roofing felt for the purpose of waterproofing, then a continuous first row of bricks is laid. The further work order looks like this:

1. Lay out the firebox, placing the bricks on edge. In the same way, cover the chamber, leaving an opening for loading firewood and a riser.
2. Build an afterburner pipe from 9 rows of stones installed “on edge” with ligation.
3. Place a pipe or tin buckets on the riser, fill the resulting cavity with insulation or regular sand.
4. Place the barrel upside down, with the flue gas pipe coming out from the bottom.
5. Build a brick bed from 3-4 horizontal channels.
6. Coat the barrel and bench with clay mortar.

The length of the smoke channels inside the stove is limited by the draft in the rocket stove and the external chimney. It is better to keep the total length of the flue pipes within 4 m. To prevent the heater from smoking back into the room, raise the top of the chimney to a height of 5 m, counting from the grate. How to build a brick stove - a rocket without a barrel, watch the video:

Operating principle of the rocket stove

Stationary rocket-type stoves are equipped with special hoods , the function of which is to preserve flue gases and transfer them to heat the room.
During operation, combustion products heat up, reach a maximum temperature (up to +1,000 °C), rise under the hood, and then begin to gradually cool and fall into the chimney channel.

, three forces act simultaneously :

The total power of these three forces makes it possible to attach smoke channels of arbitrary shape to stationary rocket stoves. This feature is used to create comfortable heated beds.

Composition of a reaction furnace

1. Knee. It is made of 2 pipes welded at an angle of 90°, the diameter of these pipes should not be less than 15 cm in a ratio of 1:2. This is how the finished firebox comes out with chimney outlets. Up is the long part of the pipe, and to the side is the short part. When lighting a fire in this pipe, the heat will go up. To separate air from the hearth, it is necessary to make an additional supply of oxygen. For this purpose, a metal sheet is attached to the firebox (on brackets), thanks to which the air that will pass through it will always end up in the corner of the knee. Because of this, it is called secondary. For ease of use, legs are installed under the product, and on the top there is a stand for a pot or kettle. The lid of this oven can be used like a regular gas stove for cooking or heating food, as it heats up to a high temperature.
2. Rocket stove. Naturally, the base will be a knee made in advance. A pipe cut lengthwise is added to it. Since it is much more convenient to use than a whole pipe. The air duct is positioned as desired. Next, the air duct is attached to the knee. Then you can install the cover. It will not be possible to completely accurately imagine the composition of the furnace elements, since various materials can be used for construction, as a rule, 200-liter tanks or gas cylinders.
3. Vertical heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is made of metal with thick walls in the direction of the flowing heat. To do this, an empty container is installed instead of a vertical pipe, which is necessary for dry heat exchange. The design is made so that the chimney channel and the horizontal structure are on the same axis. The pipe (horizontal) can be of any shape, for example, a square, cylinder or stove body. To make the rocket stove work constantly, up to 4 hours, the space for the logs is expanded, but not higher than 60 cm. In this case, the logs are loaded vertically. Thanks to this, the logs will burn from below.
4. Installing the injector. It is necessary to make a channel so that oxygen can flow during the combustion of the raw material. This requires a pipe with a diameter of 1.2-1.5 cm. Install a plug on one side, and cut up to 8 holes with a diameter of 5-6 mm on the left or right wall. and no more than 10 cm in length. The finished pipe must be passed into the structure and secured. When heated, the metal will create the necessary traction.
5. Installation of turbocharging. The air pump is connected. A regular old vacuum cleaner will do for this. The tube should allow air to pass through well. This will increase the flow and create additional pressure to increase the temperature in the heat exchanger.

Outdoor rocket stove

An outdoor stove can be factory-made or built independently from bricks.

The factory modification is sold under the name “Robinson. The stoves are metal, but in terms of the principle of construction and combustion they are no different from homemade ones.

Technically, they are an L-shaped device. The firebox is diagonal or vertical, but the fuel is ignited through the vertical part of the structure. The factory version also has a small blower that controls the access of air necessary for traction.

An outdoor jet stove can be built from bricks in literally 10 minutes. It does not require mortar, it consists of 5 rows, 4 bricks in each. Since the container is heated by an open flame, it does not require much fuel, but at the same time it is capable of boiling a fairly large amount of water in a short time.

The only thing is that you need to put a grate on it for the container; if the saucepan or barrel completely blocks the vertical outlet, there will be no good draft in the oven.

Regarding fuel, the stove operates on wood, cones, chips, leaves, and so on, that is, it is a fireplace that is not picky about kindling.

Installation work

First, you need to decide on the material from which the structure will be assembled, make calculations and determine the dimensions. You can even draw drawings of a rocket stove with your own hands. In this case, a device with a water circuit (jacket) will be manufactured.

It’s not difficult to make a rocket stove yourself by making a drawing and studying a few rules

To make a jet stove with your own hands, you need to do the following:

1. Pour a solid concrete base so that the future wood-burning stove does not warp or deform, but stands strong and long.
2. Lay out the firebox and fire duct from fireclay bricks.
3. A homemade firebox will have a vertical loading type, and an ash pan with a side door will be installed in the lower part. This design will make it quite easy to clean the stove from accumulated ash.
4. A vertical channel is made from a steel pipe, which must first be wrapped in a thick layer of insulation and then placed in an outer metal casing.
5. The heat exchanger assembly with the water circuit must be sealed on the outer casing, and then the horizontal plates must be installed. They will create a kind of labyrinth, which, in turn, will provide maximum area and long heat exchange time.

This scheme allows a hot air flow to pass through the heat exchanger, then bend around the metal plates, heating the entire heating unit, and at the same time transfer heat to the water that circulates through the water circuit. Having performed all these actions, the cooled air enters the chimney.

The heat accumulator through which water circulates can be made of any material. Most often, old cylinders and boilers are used for this. Any container equipped with valves through which you can connect cold water and drain hot water will do. You can even connect a heating radiator to such a device.

If you line the stove with brick, it will fit perfectly into the interior

You can cover such a rocket stove with brick, and then it will fit perfectly into the design of a private house; it is also suitable for a bathhouse. This design allows you to save money on water heating and heating. This is because the device does not require a large amount of fuel, and it does not need to be connected to electricity.

Do-it-yourself rocket stove - drawings and manufacturing process: do it according to instructions, video

A do-it-yourself rocket stove, the drawings of which most home craftsmen would probably like to have in their archives, can, in principle, be made even within one day, since its design is not at all complicated. If you have the skills to work with tools, read blueprints, and have the necessary materials, then making a simple stove of this type will not be difficult. It should be noted that it can be made from a variety of materials that are at hand, but much will depend on where the stove is planned to be installed. The rocket stove has a slightly different operating principle from other heating devices, and can be either stationary or portable.

DIY rocket stove drawings

Stationary rocket stoves are installed inside the house along the walls or on a designated area for cooking in the courtyard of the house. If the stove is installed indoors, it can heat a room up to 50 square meters. m.

Stationary rocket stove with heated bench

Portable versions of the rocket stove are usually very small in size and can easily fit in the trunk of a car. Therefore, when going out, for example, to a picnic or to the dacha, such a stove will help you boil water and cook lunch. Moreover, the fuel consumption in the rocket stove is quite small; even dry branches, splinters or tufts of grass can be used as fuel.

The principle of operation of a rocket-type stove

Despite the simplicity of the rocket stove design, its design uses two operating principles that the developers borrowed from other types of solid fuel stoves. So, for its effective operation, the following principles are taken:

• The principle of free circulation of gases released from fuel through the created stove channels, without the forced creation of chimney draft.
• The principle of afterburning pyrolysis gases released during fuel combustion in the mode of insufficient oxygen supply.

In the simplest designs of rocket stoves, which are used only for cooking, only the first principle of operation can operate, since in them it is quite difficult to create the necessary conditions for the flow of pyrolysis and the organization of afterburning of gases.

To understand the designs and understand how they work, you need to consider some of them one by one.

The simplest design of a rocket stove

To begin with, it is worth considering the simplest design of a direct combustion rocket stove. As a rule, such devices are used only for heating water or for cooking, and exclusively outdoors. As can be seen from the figure below, these are two sections of pipe connected by a bend at a right angle.

The simplest design of a rocket stove

The firebox for this furnace design is the horizontal part of the pipe, and fuel is placed in it. Often the firebox has a vertical loading - in this case, three elements are used to make the simplest stove - these are two pipes of different heights, installed vertically and connected from below by a common horizontal channel. The lower pipe will serve as a firebox. To make a stationary version of the simplest design, a brick is often used, installed on a heat-resistant mortar.

The simplest rocket stove made of brick

To achieve higher efficiency, the furnace was improved, and additional elements appeared, for example, the pipe began to be installed in a housing, which increases the heating of the structure.

Diagram of a simple rocket stove with an insulated riser

1 – outer metal body of the furnace.

2 – pipe – combustion chamber.

3 – a channel formed by a jumper under the fuel chamber and intended for the free passage of air into the combustion area.

4 – the space between the pipe (riser) and the body, densely filled with a heat-insulating composition, for example, ash.

The furnace is heated as follows. A light combustible material, such as paper, is first placed in the firebox, and when it flares up, wood chips or other main fuel are thrown into the fire. As a result of the intense combustion process, hot gases are formed, rising through the vertical channel of the pipe and escaping outside. A container for boiling water or cooking food is installed on the open section of the pipe.

An important condition for the intensity of fuel combustion is the creation of a gap between the pipe and the installed container. If its hole is completely blocked, then combustion inside the structure will stop, since there will be no draft that supplies air to the combustion area and lifts the heated gases upward. To avoid problems with this, a removable or stationary stand for the container is installed on the upper edge of the pipe.

Stand for placing dishes

This diagram shows a simple design with a door installed on the loading opening. And to create draft, a special channel is provided, which is formed by the lower wall of the combustion chamber and a plate welded at a distance of 7÷10 mm from it. Even if the firebox door is completely closed, the air supply will not stop. In this scheme, the second principle is already beginning to work - without active access of oxygen to burning wood, the process of pyrolysis can begin, and the continuous supply of “secondary” air will contribute to the afterburning of the released gases. But for a full-fledged process, one more important condition is still missing - high-quality thermal insulation of the secondary combustion chamber, since the combustion process of gases requires certain temperature conditions.

The principle of operation of the simplest rocket stove

1 – air channel in the combustion chamber, through which air is blown when the firebox door is closed;

2 - zone of the most active heat exchange;

3 – upward flow of hot gases.

Video: a version of the simplest rocket stove from an old cylinder

Improved rocket furnace design

The rocket stove is quite amenable to improvements.
The design, intended for both cooking food and heating the room, is equipped not only with a combustion door and a second body, which serves as a good external heat exchanger, but also with an upper cooking surface. Such a rocket stove can already be installed inside the house, and the chimney pipe from it is led outside. After such a modernization of the furnace, its efficiency increases significantly, since the device acquires many useful properties:

• Due to the second outer casing and insulating heat-resistant materials that thermally insulate the main pipe of the furnace (riser), hermetically sealing the upper part of the structure, the heated air maintains a high temperature for much longer.

More advanced rocket furnace design

• A channel for supplying secondary air was installed in the lower part of the body, successfully providing the necessary air supply, for which an open firebox was used in the simplest design.
• The flue pipe in a closed design is not located at the top, as in a simple rocket stove, but at the lower rear part of the body. Thanks to this, the heated air does not go directly into the chimney, but is able to circulate through the internal channels of the device, heating, first of all, the hob, and then diverging inside the housing, ensuring its heating. In turn, the outer casing gives off heat to the air around it.

Diagram of the design and operation of an improved rocket stove (with recommended dimensions)
This diagram clearly shows the entire process of operation of the stove: in the fuel bunker (item 1) preliminary combustion of fuel (item 2) occurs in the mode of insufficient air supply “A” - this is regulated by a damper (pos. 3). The resulting hot pyrolysis gases enter the end of the horizontal fire channel (item 5), where they are burned. This process takes place thanks to good thermal insulation and the continuous supply of “secondary” air “B” through a specially designed channel (item 4).

Next, the hot air rushes into the internal pipe of the structure, called the riser (item 7), rises along it to the “ceiling” of the body, which is the hob (item 10), providing its high-temperature heating. Then the gas flow passes through the space between the riser and the outer drum housing (item 6), heating the housing for further heat exchange with the air in the room. Then the gases go down and only after that they go into the chimney pipe (pos. 11).

In order to achieve maximum heat transfer from the fuel and provide the necessary conditions for complete combustion of pyrolysis gases, it is important to maintain the highest and most stable temperature in the riser channel (item 7). To do this, the riser pipe is enclosed in another pipe of a larger diameter - the shell (item 8 ), and the space between them is tightly packed with a heat-resistant mineral composition (item 9), which will serve as thermal insulation (a kind of lining). For these purposes, for example, a mixture of kiln masonry clay with fireclay sand (in a 1:1 ratio) can be used. Some craftsmen prefer to simply fill this space very tightly with sifted sand.

Find out what kind of wood is best to burn the stove with, and also check out tips on selection and storage from our new article.

Increasing the efficiency of heat extraction in rocket stoves

To increase the efficiency of the rocket stove, other designs with more efficient heat extraction were developed, both for using the device outdoors and for indoor use - for heating rooms or heating water.

Stove-oven

For cooking or preparing food for the winter, stoves are made that are designed according to the principle described above, but have an extended cooking surface that allows you to install several containers at once.

In this model of a rocket stove, a vertical pipe with a top-loading firebox built into it, which has a door, is located under the cooking surface. Therefore, hot air heats it directly, and in order for the entire panel to be hot, heated gases, collecting under the panel, are directed into a horizontal channel passing under its entire surface and connected to a vertical section of the chimney.

Rocket stove - stove

Additionally, the structure is equipped with legs, which makes it stable and reliable. It should be noted that when such a stove is not used for its intended purpose, it can be used as an ordinary garden table.

In addition to this outdoor model, several types of structures have been developed for indoor use to effectively heat rooms or heat water.

Rocket stove with water circuit

A rocket furnace with a water circuit consists of the following elements:

Diagram of a rocket stove with a water heating circuit

• The stove is installed on a solid concrete base to avoid distortions and deformation of structures.
• The lower part of the structure, which includes the combustion chamber (item 2) and the fire channel, is laid out of fireclay bricks (item 1). The firebox has a vertical loading. At the bottom there is an ash pan (item 3) with a side door for regular cleaning of the stove from accumulated ash.

The lower part of the furnace, lined with fireclay bricks

• The vertical channel (riser) (item 4) is made of a steel pipe, which is covered with a thick layer of thermal insulation (item 5) and an outer metal casing.
• A heat exchanger assembly with a water jacket in the walls (pos. 6) and horizontal plates that create a kind of labyrinth (pos. 7) to ensure maximum heat exchange area and time is hermetically fixed on top of the outer casing.

Attempts are being made to install a water register in this location. However, as practice shows, this approach is impractical - the temperatures here due to the afterburning of pyrolysis gases are very high, and the pipe register has every chance of quickly burning out.

• Hot air, passing through the heat exchanger, bending around the metal plates, heats the entire massive block, and the metal gives off heat to the water circulating through the water jacket.
• Next, the cooled gas flow goes into the chimney pipe (pos. 8).
• Water circulation occurs through a heat accumulator (item 9), which may well be made from an old boiler or other closed container with valves for connecting cold and drawing hot water. The option of connecting a heating radiator is not excluded, although, in truth, such a stove is unlikely to justify itself in such a role.
• Hot water from the heat storage tank through a pipe connected to it (item 10) can be directed to water intake points for domestic needs.

Such a rocket stove is perfect for installation in a country house or in a private house, where it is possible to connect such a heat storage tank to an autonomous water supply system. The stove will help to significantly reduce the cost of heating water and heating, since this model does not require a large amount of solid fuel or connecting it to any additional energy sources.

Rocket stove with bench

Another way to effectively use a rocket stove is to equip a fairly massive structure with a heated bench. It should be noted that such a bed can take the form of a bed or sofa, successfully replacing these pieces of furniture, since by laying a mattress on its surface, you can comfortably settle down for a day or night rest. The bed can be made of brickwork or stones and clay mass.

A stove like this with a stove bench will not only heat the room, but also decorate it.

The design of this version of the rocket stove consists of the following components and elements:

• A lid-closable firebox with vertical fuel loading with a secondary air intake chamber located in its lower part.
• The furnace goes into a horizontally located fire channel, at the end of which the pyrolysis gas is burned.
• The hot gas flow rises through a vertical channel (riser) to the hermetically sealed “ceiling” of the housing, where it transfers part of the thermal energy to the horizontal plate - the hob. Then, under the pressure of hotter gases following, it diverges into heat exchange channels, giving off heat to the surfaces of the drum, and falls down.
• At the bottom of the stove there is an entrance to horizontal pipe channels that run under the entire surface of the stove bench. Moreover, in this space one, two or more turns of corrugated pipe can be laid in the form of a coil, through which hot air circulates, heating the stove bench. This heat exchange pipeline is connected at the end to a chimney pipe led outside through the wall of the house.

General diagram of a rocket stove with a heated bench

• It should be noted that if the bench is made of brick, the channels can also be laid out of this material, without the use of metal corrugated pipes.
• The heated stove and bench, releasing heat into the room, will themselves serve as a kind of “battery”, capable of heating an area of ​​up to 50 m².

The metal drum of the furnace can be made of a barrel, gas cylinder or other durable containers, and also made of brick. Usually the material is chosen by the craftsmen themselves according to their financial capabilities and ease of work.

A rocket stove with a brick bench looks neater and is somewhat easier to install than a clay version, but the cost of materials will be about the same.

Video: another original solution to increase the heating efficiency of a rocket furnace

We build a rocket stove with a stove bench out of brick

What is needed for the job?

The brick heating structure proposed for execution is designed on the principle of a rocket stove. The size of the structure with standard brick parameters (250 × 120 × 65 mm) will be 2540 × 1030 × 1620 mm.

Our task is to build such an original rocket stove with a warm bed out of brick

It should be noted that the design is divided into three parts:

• The oven itself – its size is 505×1620×580 mm;
• Firebox – 390×250×400 mm;
• Bed 1905×755×620 mm + 120 mm headrest.

To lay the stove you will need the following materials:

• Red brick – 435 pcs.;
• Blower door 140×140 mm – 1 pc.;
• Cleaning door 140×140 mm – 1 pc.;
• A fire door is desirable (250×120 mm - 1 piece), otherwise there is a risk of smoke in the room.
• Hob 505×580 mm – 1 pc.;
• Rear metal shelf panel 370×365 mm – 1 pc.;
• Asbestos sheet 2.5÷3 mm thick to create a gasket between metal elements and brick.
• Chimney pipe, 150 mm in diameter, with a 90˚ outlet.
• Clay and sand for mortar or a ready-made heat-resistant mixture. It should be noted here that for 100 bricks laid flat, with a joint width of 5 mm, 20 liters of mortar will be required.

The design of this rocket stove with vertical loading is quite simple, trouble-free and efficient in operation, but only if its masonry is done with high quality, in full accordance with the order.

If you have no experience as a mason or stove maker, but have a strong desire to install such a heating device yourself, you should play it safe and first lay the structure “dry”, without mortar. This process will help you figure out the location of the bricks in each row.

In addition, to ensure that the seams are the same width, it is recommended to prepare gauge wooden or plastic slats for masonry, which will be laid on the previous row before laying the next one. Once the solution has set, it will be easy to remove them.

Under the laying of such a stove it is necessary to have a flat and solid foundation. Despite the fact that the design is quite compact and its weight is not as great as, for example, a Russian stove, a floor laid with thin boards will not be suitable for its installation. In the case where the floor, although wooden, is very durable, before starting laying under the future stove, it is necessary to lay and secure a heat-resistant material, for example, asbestos 5 mm thick.

Order of a brick rocket stove with a stove bench:

In conclusion, I would like to especially note that the design of a rocket stove can be called one of the simplest and most accessible for self-production, compared to other heating devices. Therefore, if a similar goal has been set - to acquire a stove in the house, but there is clearly not enough experience in such work, then it is best to choose this option, since when building it, it is difficult to make a mistake in the configuration of its internal channels.

Jet stove - what is it?

The home heat that comes from a jet stove cannot be provided by any modern heater.

A jet stove, or, as it is also called, a rocket stove, actually has nothing in common with modern technologies. The only thing that makes this heating unit look like a space vehicle is the intense flow of flame and the humming associated with improper operation. Nevertheless, it cannot be said that the rocket stove is a completely backward device in technical terms. Despite its simple design, it uses the most advanced methods of burning solid fuels:

• pyrolytic combustion of gases released during dry distillation of solid fuel;
• movement of gaseous products through the furnace channels, which does not require forced ejection due to draft.

This is what a simple jet-powered stove looks like

The simplest “rocket” is a curved piece of large diameter pipe. Firewood or other fuel is placed in a short horizontal section and set on fire. At first, the heating device works like an ordinary potbelly stove, but this is only until the temperature of the longer vertical part, which acts as a chimney, rises. The red-hot metal promotes the re-ignition of flammable substances and the appearance of a vacuum at the top point of the chimney. Due to increased draft, the air flow to the firewood increases, which significantly increases the burning intensity. In order to achieve even greater efficiency from this original device, the firebox opening is equipped with a door. When the cross-section of the air channel decreases, the supply of oxygen to the firewood stops and its pyrolytic decomposition into gaseous hydrocarbons begins. But in such a simple installation they will not burn completely - for this you will need to set up a separate area for afterburning the flue gases. By the way, it is this, as well as the thermal insulation of the chimney, that allows more complex “rockets” to successfully compete with other solid fuel units. As for the simplest design we are considering, it is often used for cooking or heating food. All that is required for this is to equip a convenient platform for a pot or kettle on the vertical section of the stove.

Geography of application of rocket heating units

Being a simple and convenient heating and cooking unit, the rocket stove is widely used in both mobile and stationary versions. Most often it is used:

• for heating residential premises;
• as equipment for drying fruits;
• for heating greenhouses;
• to ensure normal working conditions in workshops or garages;
• to maintain above-zero temperatures in warehouses, utility buildings, etc.

Thanks to its simplicity, unpretentiousness and reliability, the jet heater enjoys well-deserved respect among fishermen and hunters, car rally enthusiasts and survivalists. There is even a special version, the purpose of which is indicated by the name - “Robinson”.

Advantages and disadvantages of the rocket stove

Despite its simple design, the rocket stove has many advantages:

• efficiency level at the level of the best examples of modern heating equipment operating on solid fuel;
• efficiency - to achieve the required temperature, the jet unit will consume four times less firewood than a traditional stove;
• heating temperature above 1000 °C;
• the ability to use any type of solid fuel, including dry plant waste, cones, pine needles and shavings;
• complete combustion and environmental friendliness - during operation, the flame temperature increases so much that the soot ignites. Rocket stove smoke consists primarily of water vapor and carbon dioxide;
• possibility of additional fuel loading for continuous operation of the heating device;
• simplicity and reliability;
• the presence of portable structures intended for mobile use.

The heating unit is not without its drawbacks. Operation of the device is associated with the risk of carbon monoxide entering the home. The stove cannot be used to heat a large house, and attempts to install a water heat exchanger in the combustion zone lead to a decrease in thermal power and disruption of normal operation. The disadvantages include the low aesthetic value of the design, which, however, is a very ambiguous statement, since for lovers of ethno-style, the design of the stove is a real find.

Operating rules for rocket stoves

Rocket stoves, just like other long-burning designs, need to be launched onto a warm pipe. And if for the second version of the stove this is not so significant, then for the first, a cold chimney will only lead to wasted burning of fuel. For this reason, the structure needs to be preheated - heated with sawdust, paper, etc.

Note! Warming up can be considered complete only after the hum changes or subsides altogether. After this, fuel is loaded. There is no need to set it on fire, because it will ignite from the “boosting” fuel.

It is also worth noting that the jet furnace is unable to self-adjust, so at first the vent opens completely, and closes only after the structure begins to hum powerfully. Subsequently, the availability of oxygen gradually decreases.

Heating unit with bench

A rocket stove with a stove bench is a device that can create a comfortable environment in one room. Such a unit cannot be used to heat several rooms, let alone the entire house.

Arranging such a long-burning unit with your own hands requires precise calculations - its power and the maximum permissible length of the hog on which the stove bed is located depend on the size of the stove body

It is also important to select the correct pipe cross-section for installation of the structure. Mistakes will result in the jet furnace becoming overgrown with soot in a short time or roaring loudly during operation due to turbulence in gas flows

Design of a stove with a stove bench

Dimensions and proportions of the structure

To build a rocket stove with your own hands, you need to prepare detailed drawings, indicating the dimensions of all elements. At the project preparation stage, calculations are made based on the basic values ​​to which all others are tied.

Basic calculated values ​​are

:

• D – diameter of the drum (furnace body);
• S is the internal cross-sectional area of ​​the drum.

Calculations of design parameters are carried out taking into account that

:

1. The drum height (H) ranges from 1.5 to 2 D.
2. The coating of the drum is carried out at 2/3 N (if its edge is planned to be shaped, then 2/3 of the height should be the average).
3. The thickness of the coating layer on the drum is 1/3 D.
4. The internal cross-sectional area of ​​the vertical channel (riser) is 4.5-6.5% of S, the optimal value is in the range of 5-6%.
5. The height of the vertical channel is the maximum, as far as the furnace design allows, but the gap between the upper edge of the riser and the drum cover must be at least 70 mm for normal circulation of flue gases.
6. The length of the flame pipe (fire duct) must be equal to the height of the vertical channel.
7. The cross-sectional area of ​​the fire pipeline is equal to the corresponding indicator of the riser. Moreover, it is recommended to use a square-section profile pipe for the fire pipeline; in this case, the stove operates more stable.
8. The cross-sectional area of ​​the blower is ½ of the cross-sectional area of ​​the firebox and riser. For stability and smooth adjustment of the furnace mode, a rectangular profile pipe with an aspect ratio of 2:1 is used, which is laid flat.
9. The volume of the secondary ash pan depends on the volume of the drum minus the volume of the riser. For a stove from a barrel - 5%, for a stove from a gas cylinder - 10%. For containers of intermediate volume, it is calculated according to linear interpolation.
10. The cross-sectional area of ​​the external chimney is 1.5-2 S.
11. The adobe cushion under the external chimney should be 50-70 mm thick - if the channel is made of a round pipe, the counting is from the lowest point. The thickness of the cushion under the chimney is halved if the bed is mounted on wooden floors.
12. The thickness of the coating layer of the stove bench above the chimney duct is 0.25 D if the drum is from a 600 mm barrel, and 0.5 D if the drum is from a 300 mm cylinder. If you reduce the coating layer, the structure will cool faster after heating.
13. The height of the external chimney pipe should be at least 4 meters.
14. The length of the flue, on which the length of the stove depends: for a stove from a barrel - up to 6 m, for a stove from a cylinder - up to 4 m.

A long-burning rocket stove made from a 600 mm diameter barrel reaches a power of about 25 kW, and a heating rocket made from a 300 mm barrel reaches up to 15 kW. The power can be regulated only by the volume of fuel; such a stove does not have air regulation, since the additional flow disrupts the stove mode and provokes the release of gases into the room. Changing the position of the blower door regulates not the power, but the operating mode of the furnace.

Lining features

The quality of the riser's thermal insulation directly affects the efficiency of the heating unit. In our area, lightweight fireclay bricks ШЛ and river sand with an admixture of alumina are available for lining. The lining should have an external metal casing, otherwise the materials will quickly absorb carbon deposits and the furnace will roar during operation. The end of the lining is tightly covered with oven clay.

Proper execution of lining

When using hewn fireclay bricks, the remaining cavities are filled with sand. If only sand is used for lining, it is sifted to remove large debris and covered in layers - each approximately 1/7 of the height of the pipe. Each layer is compacted tightly and sprinkled with water to form a crust. The backfill must be dried for a week, and then the end must be covered with a layer of oven clay. Then the construction of the rocket furnace with your own hands continues according to the drawings.

Rocket furnace designs

You should start getting acquainted with any design with its simplest variants. Therefore, we present a diagram of the operation of a mobile rocket stove (Fig. 1). It clearly shows that the firebox and combustion chamber are combined in one piece of steel pipe bent upward.

To stack firewood, a plate is welded into the bottom of the pipe, under which there is an air hole. Ash, which plays the role of a heat insulator, helps to enhance heat transfer in the cooking area. It is poured into the lower part of the outer casing.

Rice. No. 1 Portable direct combustion rocket stove

The secondary chamber (casing) can be made from a metal barrel, bucket, or an old gas cylinder.

In addition to metal, the simplest rocket stove can be built from several dozen bricks, even without the use of mortar. A firebox and a vertical chamber are laid out of them. The dishes are placed on its walls so that there is a gap under the bottom for the flue gases to escape (Fig. 2).

Rice. No. 2 Layout diagram of the simplest rocket furnace made of bricks

A prerequisite for good operation of such a design is a “warm pipe,” as stove makers say. In practice, this means that before adding firewood, the rocket stove must be heated for several minutes, burning wood chips and paper in it. After the pipe is heated, the firewood is stacked in the firebox and set on fire, a powerful upward flow of hot gases appears in the stove channel.

Fuel loading in simple rocket furnace designs is horizontal. This is not very convenient, since it forces you to periodically push the wood into the firebox as it burns out. Therefore, in stationary systems, a vertical filling is used, and air is supplied from below through a special blower (Fig. 3).

Figure No. 3 Design of a stationary rocket furnace

After burning out, the firewood is lowered into the oven itself, saving the owner from manual feeding.

Main Dimensions

A visual representation of the configuration of a stationary long-burning rocket furnace is given by drawing No. 1.

Drawing No. 1 Basic elements and movement of gases in a rocket furnace

Anyone who wants to build a stationary rocket stove, without being distracted by simplified modifications, must know its main dimensions. All dimensions of this design are tied to the diameter (D) of the cap (drum) covering the vertical part of the flame tube (riser). The second dimension required for calculations is the cross-sectional area (S) of the cap.

Based on the two indicated values, the remaining dimensions of the furnace structure are calculated:

1. The hood height H ranges from 1.5 to 2D.
2. The height of its clay coating is 2/3H.
3. The thickness of the coating is 1/3D.
4. The cross-sectional area of ​​the flame tube is 5-6% of the area of ​​the hood (S).
5. The size of the gap between the hood cover and the upper edge of the flame tube should not be less than 7 cm.
6. The length of the horizontal section of the flame tube must be equal to the height of the vertical section. Their cross-sectional areas are the same.
7. The area of ​​the blower should be 50% of the cross-sectional area of ​​the flame tube. To ensure stable operation of the furnace, experts recommend making a fire channel from a rectangular metal pipe with an aspect ratio of 1:2. She is laid flat.
8. The volume of the ash pan at the outlet of the furnace into the external horizontal smoke channel must be at least 5% of the volume of the hood (drum).
9. The external chimney should have a cross-sectional area of ​​1.5 to 2S.
10. The thickness of the insulating cushion made of adobe, which is made under the external chimney, is chosen in the range from 50 to 70 mm.
11. The thickness of the adobe coating of the bench is chosen equal to 0.25D (for a drum with a diameter of 600 mm) and 0.5D for a cap with a diameter of 300 mm.
12. The external chimney must be at least 4 meters high.
13. The length of the gas duct in the stove depends on the diameter of the hood. If it is made from a 200-liter barrel (diameter 60 cm), then you can make a bed up to 6 meters long. If the cap is made of a gas cylinder (diameter 30 cm), then the bed should not be longer than 4 meters.

When building a stationary rocket furnace, you need to pay special attention to the quality of the lining of the vertical section of the flame tube (riser). To do this, you can use refractory brick of the ShL brand (light fireclay) or washed river sand. To protect the lining from flue gases, it is made in a metal shell, using old buckets or a galvanized sheet.

Examples of beautifully designed stoves for heating residential premises

Sand filling is done in layers. Each layer is compacted and lightly sprayed with water. After making 5-6 layers, they are given a week to dry. It is easier to make thermal protection from fireclay, but the space between the outer shell and the brick will also have to be filled with sand so that there are no empty cavities (Fig. 4).

Figure No. 4 of the lining diagram of the fire channels of rocket furnaces

After the backfill has dried, the upper edge of the lining is coated with clay and only after that the installation of the rocket furnace is continued.